Saturday, 22 December 2012
Sunday, 25 November 2012
Industrial Seminar
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The Higgs boson or Higgs particle
The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the last unobserved particle of that model and has been predicted to exist since the 1960s. It may have been detected at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. Proving its existence would settle questions about the existence of the extremely significant[6] Higgs field—the simplest[7] of several proposed causes for electroweak symmetry breaking and the means by which elementary particles acquire mass.[Note 3]
According to the current leading theory, particles acquire mass by interacting with this so-called Higgs field which exists and has non-zero strength everywhere—even in otherwise empty space. If this is true, a matching particle known as a Higgs boson—the smallest possible excitation of the Higgs field—should also exist and would prove the theory essentially correct. Consequently the Higgs boson has been the target of a long search in particle physics, and its importance is such that the answer eventually required the construction of one of the most expensive and complex experimental facilities to date, the so-called Large Hadron Collider.[6]
The Higgs boson is named after Peter Higgs, who—along with R. Brout and F. Englert, and with G. S. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and T. W. B. Kibble—proposed the mechanism that suggested such a particle in 1964 [9][10][11] and was the only one to explicitly predict the massive particle and identify some of its theoretical properties.[12] In mainstream media it is often referred to as the "God particle", after the title of Leon Lederman's book on the topic (1993). However, the epithet is strongly disliked by many physicists, who regard it as inappropriate sensationalism.[13][14]
In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson, a type of particle that allows multiple identical particles to exist in the same place in the same quantum state. It has no spin, electric charge, or colour charge. It is also very unstable, decaying into other particles almost immediately. Some extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of more than one kind of Higgs boson.
On 4 July 2012, the CMS and the ATLAS experimental teams at the Large Hadron Collider independently announced that they each confirmed the formal discovery of a previously unknown boson of mass between 125 and 127 GeV/c2, whose behaviour so far has been consistent with a Standard Model Higgs boson. If confirmed, proof of the Higgs field and evidence of its properties is likely to greatly affect human understanding of the universe, validate the final unconfirmed part of the Standard Model as essentially correct, indicate which of several current particle physics theories are more likely correct, and open up "new" physics beyond current theories.[15] If the Higgs boson were shown not to exist, other alternative sources for the Higgs mechanism would need to be considered.
Agni-VI
"The Agni-5 is specially tailored for
road-mobility," explains Avinash Chander, Director, ASL. "With the
canister having been successfully developed, all India's ...
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